王尔德在狱中(王尔德在狱中给情人写的信)-稻草人资讯

写这篇书评的时候，这本书还有十页未读。

自深深处严格来说并不能算一本书，而是封长篇信。

由19世纪末著名作家王尔德在狱中写给他同性情人波西的一封“讨伐”信。

这本书所写的内容与王尔德本人及取得的世俗荣耀形成极端的...。

王尔德：他骂醒了很多人，但自己却又极其矛盾。

先欣赏一波“名言警句” 贵族？学霸？双性恋？成人童话作家？唯美主义先驱？这些都是王尔德的标签，但也都不能完全代表他，在我看来，他是这个世界上把矛盾展现得淋漓尽致的人。

尽管如此，我却并不讨厌他，相反，我喜欢他也正是因为他的矛盾，透过他的矛盾，我似乎能够过上更加清醒的人生。

1884年的时候王尔德结婚了，并有了两个儿子，1891年他发表了第一本小说《道林格雷的画像》，也由此他吸引到了他的倾慕者，一位侯爵的儿子，长得非常帅气，王尔德称他为“波西”。

在这段感情中，王尔德耗尽心力，破产，被告上法院，最后身败名裂。

当王尔德在监狱里以泪洗面的时候，波西在外面出诗集。

其实在和波西谈恋爱的时候，王尔德就坦言：波西的母亲也曾告诉王尔德，他的缺点是虚荣，以及彻底错误的金钱观。

就这样，一个诸多毛病，让人吐槽万分的恋人，王尔德到底是因为什么爱上了波西呢？或者说他到底爱过波西没？在我看来，他没有。

原因如下，：首先他们的恋爱动机就充满了功利性，波西接近王尔德是为了学习艺术，他觉得有位畅销书作家朋友非常的光荣。

王尔德知道这一点，我自私的猜测，王尔德和波西在一起是因为他只喜欢“美”的事物。

但这个美是肤浅的皮囊美，还是“为艺术而艺术”，这就看个人理解了。

另一种是王尔德自己在狱中自己给出的解释：作为唯美主义大师，王尔德对于美的追求近乎狂热，从文学创作到日常生活中的穿衣打扮都尽力彰显出美，但在他的内心深处对自己所崇拜的美并不是持乐观的态度，因此在他的文学创作中他亲手创造出的美又被他摧毁。

比如在打渔人和他的灵魂这篇童话中，王尔德创作出小人鱼和打渔人之间美好的爱情，但却派灵魂去引诱打渔人，最终打渔人没抵制住诱惑跟随灵魂出走了，打渔人的出走，以及随后小人鱼的死亡是王尔德在童话中塑造的美好爱情被摧毁了。

打渔人和小人鱼之间美好爱情的结束，只是因为一双女儿的脚，这是否代表了王尔德的内心所追求的美与世俗的不相容呢？但是王尔德并没有死心，他让埋葬打渔人和小人鱼的那片不毛之地，开出了美丽的白花。

王尔德再一次塑造出美好的事物，任何人也抵挡不了它的美，但随着神父祝福打渔人和小人鱼以后，至此，王尔德再次摧毁了自己创造出的美。

王尔德对美的矛盾态度表露无遗，虽然他尽力捍卫美，但内心深处却意识到自己所捍卫的美是不见容于社会的。

因此他内心又开始失望，最后不得不亲手破坏自己创造出来的美，整篇童话对美的态度创造-摧毁-再创造-再次摧毁，这反映出王尔德的内心痛苦而又纠结的心情，处在那样一个不宽容的社会中，王尔德也只有妥协了。

其实王尔德童话自身包含的矛盾以及其童话创作与其唯美主义思想之间的矛盾，这些矛盾的存在与王尔德所处的维多利亚时期的社会状况，他自身的成长经历，教育背景是分不开的。

王尔德于1854年出生在都柏林，那时正处在维多利亚时期，刚刚顺利完成工业革命的英国，工业发展，经济繁荣。

经济的发展使资产阶级一跃进入社会的上层，资产阶级作为新兴的社会阶级，深受工业社会的影响，他们有能力有头脑，但同时也唯利是图，深深的为实用主义左右，贪得无厌。

同时由于科学和实用主义的盛行，宗教逐渐失去往昔的地位，每每遇到社会动荡，人们心中无所皈依的时代，唯美主义，浪漫主义思潮便会崭露头角。

面对物质至上，虚伪道德盛行的维多利亚时代，艺术家们又躲进了艺术的象牙塔。

在实证主义和科学万能的影响下宗教以及宣传宗教的书籍都不被人重视，但是宗教的衰落并没有引起社会道德的骤然滑坡。

至少在表面看来，维多利亚时期的利益和社会道德是良好的，绅士风度盛行，人们之间的关系在表面看来甚是融洽与和谐，人们对道德的狂热甚至到了偏执的程度。

在维多利亚时期尤其不能言性，为了避讳把鸡胸脯称作白肉，把钢琴腿带上套子包起来，以杜绝不良的联想，只因为钢琴脚与人脚相似，人脚之上是人腿，而人腿之上的区域被认为是不洁的。

人们确信，一个人只要在性方面是纯洁的，他一定是美好的，伟大的。

相反一个人如果在性方面没有节制，那么他就会被认为是恶劣的。

其实真实情况是，维多利亚时期上层阶级的人们在男女之间的关系极其混乱，人们对此都心知肚明，并且认为只要关系不被发现，他们就是纯洁的，就像王尔德的社会喜剧中所表现的上层阶级人士的虚伪道德。

正是根植于这样的社会环境中，王尔德的文学创作才会出现种种的矛盾，这是对社会现状的一种反映，也是他内心情感的一种表露。

无论在创作中还是生活中，王尔德都表现出重重矛盾，王尔德的传记作家赫克斯·皮尔森这样评价他: 足以说明，他到底有多么矛盾了。

谁能告诉我威廉.戈尔丁的生平（英文简介）

William Golding戈尔丁简介1911- 长篇小说：Lord of the Flies蝇王;
The Inheritors继承人;
Pincher Martin平却•
马丁;
The Spire塔尖;
The Pyramid金字塔in full Sir William Gerald Golding born Sept. 19, 1911, St. Columb Minor, near Newquay, Cornwall, Eng. died June 19, 1993, Perranarworthal, near Falmouth, Cornwall •
William Golding.English novelist who in 1983 won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his parables of the human condition. He attracted a cult of followers, especially among the youth of the post-World War II generation.Educated at Marlborough Grammar School, where his father taught, and at Brasenose College, Oxford, Golding graduated in 1935. After working in a settlement house and in small theatre companies, he became a schoolmaster at Bishop Wordsworth'
s School, Salisbury. He joined the Royal Navy in 1940, took part in the action that saw the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck, and commanded a rocket-launching craft during the invasion of France in 1944. After the war he resumed teaching at Bishop Wordsworth'
s until 1961.Golding'
s first published novel was Lord of the Flies (1954;
film 1963 and 1990), the story of a group of schoolboys isolated on a coral island who revert to savagery. Its imaginative and brutal depiction of the rapid and inevitable dissolution of social mores aroused widespread interest. The Inheritors (1955), set in the last days of Neanderthal man, is another story of the essential violence and depravity of human nature. The guilt-filled reflections of a naval officer, his ship torpedoed, who faces an agonizing death are the subject of Pincher Martin (1956). Two other novels, Free Fall (1959) and The Spire (1964), also demonstrate Golding'
s belief that “man produces evil as a bee produces honey.” Darkness Visible (1979) tells the story of a boy horribly burned in the London blitz during World War II. His later works include Rites of Passage (1980), which won the Booker McConnell Prize, and its sequels, Close Quarters (1987) and Fire Down Below (1989). Golding was knighted in 1988. Early lifeWilliam Golding was born in his grandmother'
s house, 47 Mountwise, St Columb Minor, Cornwall and he spent many childhood holidays there. He grew up at his family home in Marlborough, Wiltshire, where his father (Alec Golding) was a science master at Marlborough Grammar School (1905 to retirement). Alec Golding was a socialist with a strong commitment to scientific rationalism, and the young Golding and his elder brother Joseph attended the school where his father taught. His mother, Mildred, kept house at 29, The Green, Marlborough, and supported the moderate campaigners for female suffrage. In 1930 Golding went to Oxford University as an undergraduate at Brasenose College, where he read Natural Sciences for two years before transferring to English Literature.Golding'
s biographer John Carey claimed in 2009 that Golding admits in a diary to attempted rape while he was an undergraduate 。

The victim, whose name was Dora, was known to Golding from when she was 13 and he three years older;
the attempted rape occurred two years later, when Golding was home from his first year at Oxford. Following the attempted rape, the pair met again two years later at which point, according to reports, they consummated their relationship. Carey attests that Golding was ashamed of his relationship with Dora, which he - Golding - considered demonstrative of his own "
monstrous"
character. Carey also relates that Dora achieved a form of revenge, by persuading Golding'
s father to spy on the pair having sex in the open air: "
She wanted to show [Alec Golding] that his two sons were not exemplaryGolding took his B.A. (Hons) Second Class in the summer of 1934, and later that year his first book, Poems, was published in London by Macmillan & Co, through the help of his Oxford friend, the anthroposophist Adam Bittleston. Golding was an avid animal rights activist.Marriage and familyGolding married Ann Brookfield on 30 September 1939 and they had two children, Judy and David. War serviceDuring World War II, Golding fought in the Royal Navy and was briefly involved in the pursuit and sinking of Germany'
s mightiest battleship, the Bismarck. He also participated in the invasion of Normandy on D-Day, commanding a landing ship that fired salvoes of rockets onto the beaches, and then in a naval action at Walcheren in which 23 out of 24 assault craft were sunk. At the war'
s end he returned to teaching and writing. DeathIn 1985 Golding and his wife moved to Tullimaar House at Perranarworthal, near Truro, Cornwall, where he died of heart failure, 8 years later, on 19 June 1993. He was buried in the village churchyard at Bowerchalke, South Wiltshire (near the Hampshire and Dorset county boundaries). He left the draft of a novel, The Double Tongue, set in ancient Delphi, which was published posthumously. CareerWriting successIn September 1953 Golding sent a manuscript to Faber & Faber of London. Initially rejected by a reader there, the book was championed by Charles Monteith, then a new editor at the firm. He asked for various cuts in the text and the novel was published in September 1954 as Lord of the Flies. It was shortly followed by other novels, including The Inheritors, Pincher Martin and Free Fall.Publishing success made it possible for Golding to resign his teaching post at Bishop Wordsworth'
s School in 1961, and he spent that academic year in the United States as writer-in-residence at Hollins College near Roanoke, Virginia. Having moved in 1958 from Salisbury to nearby Bowerchalke, he met his fellow villager and walking companion James Lovelock. The two discussed Lovelock'
s hypothesis that the living matter of the planet Earth functions like a single organism, and Golding suggested naming this hypothesis after Gaia, the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology.In 1970 Golding was a candidate for the Chancellorship of the University of Kent at Canterbury, but lost to the politician and leader of the Liberal Party, Jo Grimond. Golding won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1979, the Booker Prize in 1980, and in 1983 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1988.FictionGolding'
s often allegorical fiction makes broad use of allusions to classical literature, mythology, and Christian symbolism. No distinct thread unites his novels (unless it be a fundamental pessimism about humanity), and the subject matter and technique vary. However his novels are often set in closed communities such as islands, villages, monasteries, groups of hunter-gatherers, ships at sea or a pharaoh'
s court. His first novel, Lord of the Flies (1954;
film, 1963 and 1990;
play, adapted by Nigel Williams, 1995), dealt with an unsuccessful struggle against barbarism and war, thus showing the ambiguity and fragility of civilization. It has also been said that it is an allegory of World War II. The Inheritors (1955) looked back into prehistory, advancing the thesis that humankind'
s evolutionary ancestors, "
the new people"
(generally identified with homo sapiens sapiens), triumphed over a gentler race (generally identified with Neanderthals) as much by violence and deceit as by natural superiority. The Spire 1964 follows the building (and near collapse) of a huge spire onto a medieval cathedral church (generally assumed to be Salisbury Cathedral);
the church and the spire itself act as a potent symbols both of the dean'
s highest spiritual aspirations and of his worldly vanities. His 1954 novel Pincher Martin concerns the last moments of a sailor thrown into the north Atlantic after his ship is attacked. The structure is echoed by that of the later Booker Prize winner by Yann Martel, Life of Pi. The 1967 novel The Pyramid comprises three separate stories linked by a common setting (a small English town in the 1920s) and narrator. The Scorpion God (1971) is a volume of three novellas set in a prehistoric African hunter-gatherer band ('
Clonk, Clonk'
), an ancient Egyptian court ('
The Scorpion God'
) and the court of a Roman emperor ('
Envoy Extraordinary'
). The last of these is a reworking of his 1958 play The Brass Butterfly.Golding'
s later novels include Darkness Visible (1979), The Paper Men (1984), and the comic-historical sea trilogy To the Ends of the Earth (BBC TV 2005), comprising the Booker Prize-winning Rites of Passage (1980), Close Quarters (1987), and Fire Down Below (1989).Major works•
Poems (1934) •
Lord of the Flies (1954) •
The Inheritors (1955) •
Pincher Martin (1956) •
The Brass Butterfly (play) (1958) •
Free Fall (1959) •
The Spire (1964) •
The Hot Gates (essays) (1965) •
The Pyramid (1967) •
The Scorpion God (1971) •
Darkness Visible (1979) •
A Moving Target (essays) (1982) •
The Paper Men (1984) •
An Egyptian Journal (1985) •
To the Ends of the Earth (trilogy) o Rites of Passage (1980) o Close Quarters (1987) o Fire Down Below (1989) •
The Double Tongue (posthumous) (1995)。